The educational structure in Bangladesh is well-maintained and organized into three layers. The legislative body of Bangladesh operates various schools at the primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels. It also provides funding for some tuition-based schools. In the tertiary education sector, the governing body also supports more than 15 state colleges through the University Grants Commission.
Bangladesh aligns closely with the Education For All goals, the Millennium Development Goals, and global declarations. Article 17 of the Bangladesh Constitution stipulates that all children between the ages of six and ten receive primary education without any cost.
Tertiary education in Bangladesh takes place at 34 government and 54 private colleges. Students can pursue studies in fields such as engineering, technology, agriculture, and medicine at various universities and colleges.
At all levels of education, students can receive instruction in either English or Bengali. Private schools often use English-based study materials, while government-supported schools use Bengali.
Cadet schools play a significant role in the educational system of Bangladesh. Modeled after English state-funded schools, cadet schools provide military training. The first cadet school was established in 1958 in Chittagong. Currently, there are 12 cadet schools in Bangladesh.
The Madrasa Education System focuses on religious education, teaching essential subjects in a religious context. Islamic studies are fundamental, taught in Arabic, and students often participate in mosque activities. Students also study some courses from the General Education System. Madrasas cater to underprivileged children, providing them with food, shelter, and education.
The Technical and Vocational Education System offers courses related to various scientific, technical, and practical fields. Courses can range from one month to four years in duration.
In the Madrasa Education System, after completing the "Ali" (twelfth grade), students can enroll in a three-year program to obtain a "Fail" level (fourteenth grade) or pursue further advanced education. Similarly, in the Technical Education System, students with a Diploma-in-Engineering degree can pursue a Bachelor's degree in engineering after completing a few additional years of study.
Educational administration in Bangladesh is managed by various bodies. Primary and Mass Education Division oversee primary education, while the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education handles secondary and higher education. Different boards are responsible for conducting public examinations and overseeing schools.
Non-formal education is available for dropouts and underserved populations. NGOs and government initiatives provide opportunities for individuals to complete their education. However, challenges remain in terms of low participation rates, teacher absence, and low learning achievement.
The government has implemented measures to improve education in Bangladesh, including mandatory primary education, free education for girls up to grade 10, and a national education system. Despite progress, the education system faces issues like low literacy rates and high dropout rates.
In summary, Bangladesh's education system has a multi-tiered structure spanning primary to tertiary education. Various boards and bodies oversee different levels, and efforts are being made to enhance educational accessibility and quality across the country.
